Reasoning :Verbal & Non-Verbal

 

             Reasoning: Verbal & Non-Verbal

              

Chapter 1: SYLLOGISM

Here, these three circles are nothing but only the way to represent statements and these diagrams are called as Venn Diagram. It is just a medium to solve the logical questions. A question can have lots of diagrams which mean we can draw several figures by a statement but remember we always have to draw the easiest figure because it will enable us to solve the question in minimum time. Like  we have many routs to go home but we always the shortest possible rout.

 

There are two type of Syllogism:

       A.)Case of Certainty           B.)Case of probability/Possibility

 A.)Case of Certainty    

Here we have four types of statements in which two are positive and two are negative.

                             1.All apples are papaya

                             2.Some apples are papaya

                             

                             3.No apple is papaya

                             4.Some apples are not papaya.

Here,1 &2 are Positive Statements while

                                                            3&4 are negative statements.

Some Basic Questions:

S.)If only conclusion 1and 2 or 3 follows

T.)If only conclusion 1 and 2 follows

U.)If only conclusion 1 and 3 follows

V.)If only conclusion 2 and 3 follows

W.)None of these

 

Ques 1:

Statements: a)Some Indians are Americans

                       b.)No American is Australian

                       c.)All Australians are gentleman

Conclusion:

1.)No gentleman is American

2.)No American is Indian

3.)No Australian is Indian

Solution:

Step1:Draw the easiest Venn Diagram

 

 

 Step 2: Solve the Conclusions

1.)"No gentleman is American" is the case of possibility as here statements not given particularly for gentleman and American .As the diagram of (gentleman) can also be drawn as extending itself i.e.called the case of possibility given below:

 

 

 

Therefore the conclusion 1.) will be wrong because of the contradiction  taking place.(as conclusion 1. is the case of certainty.....but the relationship can be established only in case of possibility ) ans:(Con 1.->Not Follows)

2.) No American is Indian:"It will be definitely false because"

                   Statement:Some Indians are American

it will have only one certain conclusion i.e.

                  Conclusion: Some Americans are Indian, therefore it will be definitely false.

3.)No Australian is Indian:

 Ans:W.)None of these